ADHD Assessments
Currently there is no single test that can be used to determine whether one has ADHD. Specialists employ a variety of tools to gather data and observe the signs of an individual.
These include standardized clinical interviewing and rating scales, observational ratings and a number of psychometric/neuropsychological tests (including intelligence testing). They are a vital element of the comprehensive assessment process used to evaluate, screen, diagnose and monitor treatments.
Assessment Process
The majority of ADHD assessments involve a thorough interview with the person who is being evaluated. A clinician such as a psychologist doctor or clinical social worker will conduct the test. The clinician will ask the patient to describe their history and current symptoms. A lot of evaluators employ standardized behavior ratings scales. These questionnaires are based upon research that compares the behavior of people with ADHD and those without. They are not considered diagnostic in themselves, but they add important objective data to the evaluation. These include the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale and the Teacher-Parent Report Form of Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC). Adults can be assessed with a standard ADHD rating scale, such as the Wender Utah Rating Scale. The clinician will use a behavioral check-list for both adults and children. This will check for other disorders that may co-occur with ADHD like conduct disorder as well as oppositional defiant disorders, depression or anxiety.
The evaluator also examines the person's current and past medications. The clinician will also review medical records and gather information about the person's environment and family. For instance, the evaluator will ask about whether the person's parents or other relatives have ADHD and what their symptoms were.
Neuropsychological and psychometric tests can provide important information to assist the evaluator in determining ADHD particularly when there is some uncertainty regarding the diagnosis. These tests aren't useful as the primary method to determine ADHD due to their lack of sensitivity and specificity. They don't take into account the complexity of daily situations that adults face.
A more recent test, SPECT brain imaging, gives valuable information about how the brain functions during short periods of time. The results are useful only for diagnosing certain types of brain injuries or illnesses. They do not accurately represent how the brain performs in everyday situations, such as school, work and relationships.
To get a more precise diagnosis, it is best to consult a specialist in mental health who is skilled in the assessment and treatment of ADHD. The best way to find this type of person is via the recommendation of the doctor, therapist or any other professional.
Symptoms
People with ADHD frequently have difficulty staying focused and controlling their emotions. This can cause problems at school, work or in relationships with friends. It also makes it difficult to handle everyday frustrations in a healthy manner. In the end that untreated ADHD symptoms can lead to the loss of a job, broken friendships and other severe consequences.
To be diagnosed with ADHD the symptoms of an individual must persist through the adolescent years and into childhood. this content should also be a hindrance in their ability to function normally, and must have been present prior to the age of 12.
The most common symptoms of ADHD are impulsivity and inattention. Inattentive symptoms can include difficulty keeping track of the task at hand, ignoring important information, or having trouble remembering. One may also exhibit poor organizational skills or have difficulties following instructions and keeping track of many tasks at a time.
Hyperactive/impulsive symptoms include fidgeting, being unable to sit still, having excess energy, and being talkative. This kind of ADHD can also cause someone to struggle with waiting for their turn or interrupting others.
Children typically exhibit these types of ADHD symptoms when they start school. They may struggle in school due to the demands of academics and then become frustrated due to their inability to organize or focus. They may also have issues with interpersonal relationships due their tendency to rage.
These symptoms can persist into adulthood and cause problems at work, with romantic partners, or even with family members. Untreated ADHD can cause people to feel embarrassed or blame themselves. They may believe they are not competent enough to succeed or that there is something wrong with them. It's important to recognize that ADHD doesn't mean you aren't smarter or capable.
To diagnose ADHD the primary care provider or mental health professional will perform an extensive assessment. They will ask about your symptoms and the effects they have on your life. They will also interview you, your partner, and other family members and friends. They will use behavior rating scales and symptom checklists to assess your symptoms. They will also review your medical history as well as your education. They may also refer to you for a physical exam or psychological tests to determine if you have any other medical conditions.
Diagnosis
You or your child has been struggling at school. It could be because of the often-dreaded "snow day" or perhaps you're anxious about the most recent teacher evaluation. You've heard of ADHD but aren't sure what it means. Are your children lazy, or does he have a problem that is easier to be to treat than fix? A thorough diagnosis is crucial. It is essential to determine if the problem is due to excessive screen time, inadequate parenting or a medical issue. Fortunately, your family doctor can assist you in determining whether an ADHD assessment is right for you.
Generally, an ADHD evaluation involves an interview, examination of symptoms, and the use of checklists and rating scales. Doctors will inquire about the person's history of health, development going back to childhood academic and work experiences and driving history as well as marriage and family relations. The doctor will also look for any other conditions, such as learning disabilities, anxiety and mood disorders.
The person who is being evaluated must be able discuss the issues openly and honestly. It's important that the person being evaluated does not be hesitant due to embarrassment or fear of criticism. This will help the examiner determine how ADHD symptoms affect everyday life and to recommend treatments.
To be able to make a diagnosis of ADHD to be established, a number of symptoms must have manifested before age of 12 and have been "impairing" at least in two important situations like home or school. The impairment goes beyond being unable to remember or struggling to complete assignments. It could also be a result of getting fired from a work because of tardiness, or failing to complete tasks on time, or causing stress and conflict in the relationship.
A lot of doctors conduct interviews with both the patient and the loved ones like a spouse or sibling. They may also ask opinions from those who spend a lot of time with the patients, like a coach or nanny. This kind of personal experience will reveal information that can't be obtained through questionnaires. Psychiatrists also conduct a physical exam and laboratory tests like blood and urinary testing to rule out any other possible causes.
Treatment
A health professional can conduct an ADHD evaluation to determine if there's an underlying cause, like a mood disorder or a physical condition that triggers similar symptoms. A thorough assessment involves looking over the person's mental and medical history, evaluating past and current behavior and school performance, and contacting teachers, family members and other caregivers to get an accurate picture of how the individual functions in different settings.
People with ADHD typically benefit from a mix of treatments, says Dr. Frank. Certain patients are prescribed medication to increase focus and concentration, and decrease impulsiveness. These include stimulants such as Ritalin or Adderall or non-stimulant drugs that take longer time to take effect, but may improve attention skills such as Intuniv and Clonidine.
Behavioral therapy is also part of many treatment plans, particularly for children. The therapist may teach them organization strategies to aid them in keeping track of things or mindfulness meditation to help improve their impulse control and better manage their time. Marriage or family counseling is an excellent option for adults with ADHD. It helps them learn problem-solving and communication skills which will assist them in dealing with their challenges both at home and at work.
Many people who suffer from ADHD will also find that they can manage their symptoms if they consume a balanced diet and get enough sleep and exercise, as well as reduce their intake of junk food and drinks. It can also be beneficial to seek out support from your family and friends, sign up to a support program or attend an ADHD Coach training program that will teach them tools and tips for managing their symptoms. People with ADHD should see their GP regularly for checkups on their medication to understand how their treatment is working and to address any possible adverse side effects. Doctors can also refer patients with ADHD to an psychologist or psychiatrist for further evaluation and diagnosis.